![]() (1)permanent identification of cattle or horses, usually made on the hide with hot-iron or freeze branding (2) process of branding Weight of the animal taken within 24 hours of its birth Use of microorganisms, plant cells, and animal cells or parts of cells (such as enzymes) to produce Market for animals through which an auctioneer sells the animal to the highest bidderĪmount of fat over the animal's back, usually measured at the twelfth to thirteenth rib Placing semen into the female reproductive tract (usually the cervix or uterus) by means other than natural service Product produced by living organisms such as yeast that destroys or inhibits the growth of other organisms, especially bacteria mature beef cowĪmount of feed or forage required to maintain one animal unit (e.g., a 1000 lb. Also a producer who feeds cattleĬommon denominator for measuring animal feed requirements where one animal unit is equivalent to the feed requirement for a 1000 lb. Dairy herds participate in keeping recordsĪnimals that need further feeding prior to slaughter. Taking a young animal from its dam (mother)Ī set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditionsĬolor of the lean in the carcass has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughterĭairy Herd Improvement Association. Total digestible nutrients it includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (multiplied by 2.25) all added together. Such feeds as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples Found in sperm and ovaĪ feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. The capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reprdouction The period of mating activity in the female Estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the nextĬontrolling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time Refers to non-lactating females (mare, cow, ewe, sow)Īn adjective meaning "heat" that modifies such words as "cycle". To eliminate from the breeding population Increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishmentĪ feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible Contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity The first milk given by a female following delivery of her young. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 15 degrees C to 16 degrees C That time when a female is not in estrus the non-breeding seasonĪnimals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species Use of drug to avoid or alleviate withdrawal symptoms.Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times Continued use of drug despite knowledge of its harm.ĩ. Sacrifice of other activities or things for the drug.Ħ. Intoxication or withdrawal symptoms at inappropriate times.ĥ. Excessive time spent in procuring drug.Ĥ. Unsuccessful attempts to quit, persistent desire to use the agent, craving for drug.ģ. Taking the drug more often or in larger amounts than intended.Ģ. (3) A neurobehavioural syndrome with genetic and environmental influences that results in psychological dependence on the use of substances for their psychic effects addiction is characterised by compulsive use despite harm.ġ. (2) A disorder involving use of opioids wherein there is a loss of control, compulsive use, and continued use despite adverse social, physical, psychological, occupational, or economic consequences. Risk of addiction Cocaine, amphetamines > opiates & nicotine > alcohol, benzodiazepine, barbiturates > cannabis, hallucinogens, caffeine. Substance abuse (1) A physiologic, physical, or psychological state of dependency on a substance-or pattern of compulsive use-which is characterised by tolerance, craving, and a withdrawal syndrome when intake of the substance is reduced or stopped the most common addictions are to alcohol, caffeine, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, nicotine, amphetamines. ![]() In sexual addiction, it is not the activity that is addicting, but rather the object toward which the activity is directed. Sexology A state characterised by habitually and compulsively engaging in stereotyped activity regardless of potentially negative consequences. Addiction Psychiatry A preoccupation with and compulsive use of a substance despite recurrent adverse consequences addiction often involves a loss of control and increased tolerance, and may be associated with a biological predisposition. The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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